Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut ero labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco.

Search
GUIDE FOR AUTHORS SUBMIT MANUSCRIPT
Forthcoming
Original scientific paper

Exploration of biodegradable materials for a digitally printed fashion embellishments

Full text article (PDF)
  • Grasheli Kusuma Andhini,
  • Tashannie Abigail Loekman
Grasheli Kusuma Andhini
Binus University International, Jakarta, Indonesia
Tashannie Abigail Loekman
Binus University International, Jakarta, Indonesia

Published 2026-07-06

abstract views: 2 // Full text article (PDF): 0


Keywords

  • 3D printing,
  • fashion embellishments,
  • biodegradable materia,
  • sustainable

How to Cite

Kusuma Andhini, G., & Abigail Loekman, T. (2026). Exploration of biodegradable materials for a digitally printed fashion embellishments. Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design. Retrieved from https://sp.ftn.uns.ac.rs/index.php/jged/article/view/2722

Copyright (c) 2026 © 2026 Authors. Published by the University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 Serbia

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Initially utilized in aerospace and medical industries, 3D printing has emerged as revolutionary technology with significant potential in transforming garment creation that previously unattainable through traditional manufacturing. The integration of biodegradable materials in 3D printing represents a promising approach in addressing the environmental challenges posed by conventional plastic-based printing technologies. This study explores biodegradable materials—Polyterra PLA, Esun PLA+, and bio resin—for producing digitally printed sustainable fashion embellishments. Through a mixed method approach involving practical experimentations, a flower-shaped embellishment prototype was made and painted for application on garment. By addressing the limitations of biodegradable materials and demonstrating their potential in high-fashion applications, this study contributes to the advancement of 3D printing by optimising biodegradable materials for a more sustainable and creative design potential for the fashion industry.

Article history: Received (July 31, 2025); Revised (January 11, 2026); Accepted (February 25, 2026)

PlumX Metrics

Dimensions Citation Metrics

Full text article (PDF)

References

  1. Adediran, A. A., Erinle, T. J., Ajewole, J. B. & Aliyu, S.J. (2024) Revolutionizing Mechanical Engineering: CAD'S Evolution, Cloud Impact And Future Trends. In: 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals, SEB4SDG, 2 - 4 April 2024, Omu-Aran, Nigeria. New Jersey, IEEE. pp. 1–8. Available from: doi: 10.1109/SEB4SDG60871.2024.10630090
  2. Alzyod, H., Takacs, J. & Ficzere, P. (2024) Improving surface smoothness in FDM parts through ironing post-processing. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 43 (11-12), 671–681. Available from: doi: 10.1177/07316844231173059
  3. Ambrosi, A. & Bonanni, A. (2021) How 3D printing can boost advances in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Microchimica Acta. 188 (8). Available from: doi: 10.1007/S00604-021-04901-2
  4. Anaç, N., Koçar, O. & Altuok, C. (2024) Investigation of The Weldability of PLA Plus Sheets with Different Infill Ratios by Friction Stir Welding. Gazi University Journal of Science Part C: Design and Technology. 12 (1), 282–296. Available from: doi: 10.29109/gujsc.1399512
  5. Byjus (2018) Biodegradable and non-biodegradable - Definition & examples of biodegradable and non-biodegradable. Available from: https://byjus.com/chemistry/biodegradable-and-non-biodegradable/ [Accessed 23rd March 2026]. Cisneros-López, E. O., Pal, A. K., Rodriguez, A. U.,
  6. Wu, F., Misra, M., Mielewski, D. F., Kiziltas, A. & Mohanty, A. K. (2020) Recycled poly(lactic acid)–based 3D printed sustainable biocomposites: a comparative study with injection molding. Materials Today Sustainability. 7-8, 100027. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2019.100027
  7. Conniff, M. & Tewolde, M. (2022) 26 Types of 3D Printer Filament. Xometry. Available from: https://www. xometry.com/resources/3d-printing/types-of-3dprinter-filaments/ [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  8. Deabler, A. (2017) World’s first 3D printed jacket costs $1,500. New York Post. Available from: https://nypost.com/2017/07/28/worlds-first-3d-printedjacket-costs-1500/ [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  9. Dueñas-Moreno, J., Mora, A., Kumar, M., Meng, X. Z. & Mahlknecht, J. (2023) Worldwide risk assessment of phthalates and bisphenol A in humans: The need for updating guidelines. Environment International. 181, 108294. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108294
  10. EDI (n.d.) The State of Biodegradable Materials in Additive Manufacturing: Facts, Developments and Use Cases. EDI. Available from: https://www.ediweekly. com/the-state-of-biodegradable-materials-in-additive-manufacturing-facts-developments-and-use-cases/#:~:text=One%20significant%20challenge%20with%20biodegradable,and%20flexibility%20of%20traditional%20plastics [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  11. European Bioplastics (2024) BIOPLASTICS MARKET DEVELOPMENT UPDATE 2025. Available from: https://www.european-bioplastics.org/market/ [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  12. Filamatrix Staff (2024) The Eco-Friendly Traits of PLA 3D Printing Filament. Filamatrix. Available from: https://filamatrix.com/blogs/blogs/the-eco-friendly-traits-ofpla-3d-printing-filament [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  13. Goetjes, V., Zarges, J. & Heim, H. (2024) Resistance of poly(lactic acid)/starch composites to weathering effects. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 141 (2). Available from: doi: 10.1002/app.54768
  14. Goryl, K., Pollák, M., Kočiško, M. & Korol’, M. (2024) Comparison of PLA and PLA Carbon Fiber Materials on Tensile Test. In: Gapiński, B., Ciszak, O., Ivanov, V. and Machado, J. M. (eds.) International Scientific-Technical Conference MANUFACTURING 2024, Advances in Manufacturing IV, Volume 1 - Mechanical Engineering: Digitalization, Sustainability and Industry Application, 14 – 16 May 2024, Poznan, Poland. Cham, Springer. pp. 73–82. Available from: doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-56463-5_6
  15. Gudaitiene, R., Minkus, V. & Darulis, A. (2025) Calibration of the printing process for 3D models using Vat polymerisation and investigation of the mechanical properties of TGM-7 resin. Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design. 16 (3), 29–40. Available from: doi: 10.24867/JGED-2025-3-029
  16. Guimapang, K. (2019) A Conversation With Julia Koerner, Architecture’s Queen of 3D Fabrication. Archinect. Available from: https://archinect.com/features/article/150132998/a-conversation-with-julia-koerner-architecture-s-queen-of-3d-fabrication [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  17. Holgate, M. (2016) Dutch Designer Iris van Herpen on 3-D Printing and the Future of Fashion. Vogue. Available from: https://www.vogue.com/article/iris-van-herpen-dutch-designer-interview3d-printing [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  18. Hong, C., Choi, C. & Han, D. (2009) Development of Bio-Polylactic Acid Materials for Ecofriendly Automotive Parts. The Korean Society Of Automotive Engineers, 2622–2627.
  19. Idea3D (2015) Koleksi Tex Saverio menggunakan teknik 3D printing. Idea3D 3D Maker & Printing Service. Available from: https://www.idea3d.id/2015/04/koleksi-tex-saverio-menggunakan-teknik.html [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  20. IUCN (2024) Plastic pollution. IUCN. Available from: https://iucn.org/resources/issues-brief/plastic-pollution [Accessed 23rd March 2026]. Jandyal, A., Chaturvedi, I., Wazir, I., Raina, A. & Ul
  21. Haq, M. I. (2022) 3D printing – A review of processes, materials and applications in industry 4.0. Sustainable Operations and Computers. 3, 33–42. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.susoc.2021.09.004
  22. Khosravani, M. R. & Reinicke, T. (2020) On the environmental impacts of 3D printing technology. Applied Materials Today. 20, 100689. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100689
  23. Kuswanto, D., Hapinesa, O. M., Prihandana, D. B., Iftira, N. J., Wariswantika, I. & Kumalasari, A. I. (2017) Indonesian Pattern for 3D Printing Fashion Development. In: The 4th International Conference on Creative Industry, 11 - 12 October 2017, Surabaya, Indonesia.
  24. Li, Y. & Lee, Y.-A. (2022) The Potential Use of PLA and Soft PLA in 3D Printing for Sustainable Wearables. In: International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings, ITAA, Virtual Conference. Ames, Iowa State University Digital Press. Available from: doi: 10.31274/ITAA.13455
  25. Lim, K. S., Levato, R., Costa, P. F., Castilho, M. D., Alcala-Orozco, C. R., van Dorenmalen, K. M. A., Melchels, F. P. W., Gawlitta, D., Hooper, G. J., Malda, J. & Woodfield, T. B. F. (2018) Bio-resin for high resolution lithography-based biofabrication of complex cell-laden constructs. Biofabrication. 10 (3), 034101. Available from: doi: 10.1088/1758-5090/aac00c
  26. Madeline, P. (2023) The different types of resins available for 3D printing. 3Dnatives. Available from: https://www.3dnatives.com/en/different-types-of-resins-3dprinting-281220225/# [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  27. Manoj, A. A. & Panda, R. C. (2022) Biodegradable Filament for 3D Printing Process: A Review. Engineered Science. 18, 11-19. Available from: doi: 10.30919/ES8D616 Mushtaq, R. T., Wang, Y., Bao, C., Rehman, M., Sharma,
  28. S., Khan, A. M., Eldin, E. M.-T. & Abbas, M. (2024) Maximizing performance and efficiency in 3D printing of polylactic acid biomaterials: Unveiling of microstructural morphology, and implications of process parameters and modeling of the mechanical strength, surface roughness, print time, and print energy for fused filament fabricated (FFF) bioparts. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 259, 129201. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129201
  29. Nugraha, A. D., Mamba’udin, A., Susanto, B., Kusni, M., Darmanto, S., Santos, G. N. & Akhsin Muflikhun, M. (2023) The influence of long-term hydrothermal and physical ageing on the characteristics of additively manufactured bio-based photopolymer resin. Results in Materials. 20, 100499. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100499
  30. Oladapo, B. I., Bowoto, O. K., Adebiyi, V. A. & Ikumapayi, O. M. (2023) Net zero on 3D printing filament recycling: A sustainable analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 894, 165046. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165046
  31. Olawumi, M. A., Oladapo, B. I., Ikumapayi, O. M. & Akinyoola, J. O. (2023) Waste to wonder to explore possibilities with recycled materials in 3D printing. Science of The Total Environment. 905, 167109. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167109
  32. Polygenis, T. (2023) PLA vs PLA+: A Comprehensive Comparison. Wevolver. Available from: https://www.wevolver.com/article/pla-vspla-plus [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  33. Pratama, W. H. & Hasdiansah. (2021) Pengaruh parameter proses terhadap kuat tarik spesimen uji astm d638 type iv menggunakan filamen esun pla. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Inovasi Teknologi Terapan, SNITT 2021, 2 August 2021, Sungai Liat, Indonesia. Sungai Liat, Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung. pp. 210-215. Available from: https://snitt.polman-babel.ac.id/index.php/snitt/article/view/72/36 [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  34. Printerra (2023) The Environmental Impact of 3D House Printing. Available from: https://printerra.ca/environmental-impact-of-3d-house-printing/ [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  35. Quader, R., Dramko, E., Grewell, D., Randall, J. & Narayanan, L. K. (2024) Characterizing the Effect of Filament Moisture on Tensile Properties and Morphology of Fused Deposition Modeled Polylactic Acid/Polybutylene Succinate Parts. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. 11 (3), 1151–1161. Available from: doi: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0222
  36. Rodríguez-Hernández, A. G., Chiodoni, A., Bocchini, S. & Vazquez-Duhalt, R. (2020) 3D printer waste, a new source of nanoplastic pollutants. Environmental Pollution. 267, 115609. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115609
  37. RS Design Spark (n.d.) DesignSpark CAD Design & 3D Modelling Software. Available from: https://www.rs-online.com/designspark/mechanical-software [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  38. Ruckdashel, R. R., Venkataraman, D. & Park, J. H. (2021) Smart textiles: A toolkit to fashion the future. Journal of Applied Physics. 129 (13). Available from: doi: 10.1063/5.0024006
  39. Sawant, D. A., Shinde, B. M. & Raykar, S. J. (2023) Post processing techniques used to improve the quality of 3D printed parts using FDM: State of art review and experimental work. Materials Today: Proceedings. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.09.202
  40. Shahrubudin, N., Lee, T. C. & Ramlan, R. (2019) An Overview on 3D Printing Technology: Technological, Materials, and Applications. Procedia Manufacturing. 35, 1286–1296. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.089
  41. Sheikh, J. A., Waheed, M. F., Khalid, A. M. & Qureshi, I. A. (2020) Use of 3D Printing and Nano Materials in Fashion: From Revolution to Evolution. In: Di Bucchianico, G. (ed.) Advances in Design for Inclusion - Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Design for Inclusion and the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors for Apparel and Textile Engineering, 24 – 28 July 2019, Washington D.C. Cham, Springer. pp. 422–429. Available from: doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-20444-0_43
  42. Singh, S. (2021) HISTORY OF CAD TOOLS IN GARMENT DESIGNING: A REVIEW. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349686476_HISTORY_OF_CAD_TOOLS_IN_GARMENT_DESIGNING_A_REVIEW [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  43. Son, J. & Lee, H. (2020) Preliminary Study on Polishing SLA 3D-Printed ABS-Like Resins for Surface Roughness and Glossiness Reduction. Micromachines. 11 (9), 843. Available from: doi: 10.3390/MI11090843
  44. Subramani, R., Mustafa M. A., Ghadir, G. K., Al-Tmimi, H. M., Alani, Z. K., Rusho, M. A., Rajeswari, N., Haridas, D., Rajan, A. J. & Kumar, A. P. (2024) Exploring the use of Biodegradable Polymer Materials in Sustainable 3D Printing. Applied Chemical Engineering. 7 (2), 3870. Available from: doi: 10.59429/ace.v7i2.3870
  45. Sun, L. & Zhao, L. (2017) Envisioning the era of 3D printing: a conceptual model for the fashion industry. Fashion and Textiles. 4 (1). Available from: doi: 10.1186/S40691-017-0110-4
  46. Warnier, C. (ed.), Verbruggen, D. (ed.), Ehmann, S. (ed.) & Klanten, R. (ed.) (2014) Printing things : visions and essentials for 3D printing. Berlin, Gestalten.
  47. Xiao, Y. Q. & Kan, C. W. (2022) Review on Development and Application of 3D-Printing Technology in Textile and Fashion Design. Coatings. 12 (2), 267. Available from: doi: 10.3390/COATINGS12020267
  48. Yoo, H. (2025) Additive manufacturing and 3D printing - statistics & facts. Statista. Available from: https://www.statista.com/topics/1969/additive-manufacturing-and-3d-printing/#topicOverview [Accessed 23rd March 2026].
  49. Žarko, J., Vladić, G., Pál, M. & Dedijer, S. (2017) Influence of printing speed on production of embossing tools using fdM 3d printing technology. Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design. 8 (1), 19–27. Available from: doi: 10.24867/JGED-2017-1-01

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.